Compensation And Benefits Of Employees - 921 Words

You are the HR manager of a relatively new retail company that has both retail stores and Internet sales. Your company is steadily growing in revenue and profitability. The company realizes that in order to retain the solid, highly productive workforce it currently has in place, it is important to enhance the base compensation and benefits package offered to the employees. The company currently offers a basic compensation program and only federally mandated benefits. Employee surveys suggest the compensation and benefits program may be out of date. Employees are beginning to consider leaving the organization. 1.Propose two (2) methods an HR professional could use to determine incentive pay. Specify the principal manner in which the†¦show more content†¦The merit increase is normally given on th e basis of an employees having achieved some objective performance standard, although a superior’s subjective evaluation of subordinate performance may play a large role in the increase given. Merit raises can serve to motivate if employees perceive the raise given to be related to the performance required to earn them. Merit pay plans establish an effort performance and performance reward link, if an employee’s effort leads to successful performance, the employee is rewarded by the organization. In consideration to group and company performance if the individual performs well, the reward is granted regardless of how well others have performed their jobs or how well the company, as a whole has done. Pay for performance incentives such as gain sharing which is a program which measures increases in productivity and effectiveness and distributes a portion of each gain to employees. (Noel, p.379). With gainsharing the organizations have determined that total quality may be best achieved through effective teamwork. Gainsharing plans offer employees a cash reward for meeting or exceeding goals based on the collaborative performance of a team of employees. Unlike individual incentive plans gainsharing plan allows the employees to know what needs to be done to achieve a payoff. The formula is stated in objective terms and protected from management bias. Gainsharing also encourages the employeesShow MoreRelatedCompensation And Benefits Of Employees1446 Words   |  6 PagesCompensation and Benefits When most people thing of compensation and diversity in the same category, they assume the discussion will be under the umbrella of discriminatory practices against women and minorities. However, compensation and benefits are tools at the disposal of human resources professionals for recruiting and retaining a diverse employee pool even in the absence of a formal diversity management programs. Like a properly executed training and development program, benefits packages canRead MoreEffects of Globalization: Compensation and Benefits for Employees677 Words   |  3 PagesCompensation and Benefits The process of globalization has numerous significant effects on countries, organizations, and individuals. These effects can be observed in the quality of products, in their prices, but also in their availability. Because of globalization, numerous companies prefer to expand their business on international level. Some of them outsource some of their processes and activities to cheaper destinations that allow them to reduce their investments. But globalization alsoRead MoreEmployee Compensation Programs Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesBenefits have most definitely changed throughout the past years. According to Compensation, during 1880 people worked approximately 14 hours every single day except on Sundays and would only receive a raise if they stayed with the company for five years and if the company prospered during that time (Gerhart, 2011, p. 414). Over the next couple of years, employees began seeing work hours change from 60-64 hours per week to 54 hours by the year 1930. Eventually, employees were able to have holidaysRead MoreThe Implementation Of The Apple Company1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Apple Company satisfies most of its employees using its comprehensive compensation plan that includes all workers irrespective of their positions. To start with, it is among the most profitable companies in the world and it focuses on the manufacturing and designing of software and electronics. Additionally, its most pop ular hardware devices are iPod, Mac Book, iMac, and iPhone, which make significant contributions to the company’s profits. The software devices that it manufactures are iTunesRead MoreConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits1442 Words   |  6 PagesConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits Abstract Compensation is one of the most important considerations perspective employees will make prior to accepting a job offer. For this reason, another performance of Human Resource (HR) professionals is the compensation analysis. The focus of the analyst in this position is to use strategy in formulating compensation and benefits packages that are attractive and conducive to maintaining talented employees (Editorial Board, 2011). As another criticalRead MoreLeveraging Labor Relations1366 Words   |  6 PagesCompensation and Benefits Leveraging Labor Relations Companies are interested in leveraging relationships with their employees in order to improve the quality of the health care they provide. Labor relations refer to managing situations between companies and their employees in different unions. This activity is usually attributed to human resources management. Therefore, this ensures that the objectives of the company are reflected by these relations. It is important that companies try to improveRead MoreThe Importance of Compesantions and Benefits781 Words   |  3 PagesCompensations and Benefits Compensation and benefits are vital in maintaining morale/satisfaction, encourage performance, and organization loyalty. Furthermore, it helps an organization to internal and external equity and reduce turnover. FedEx is an industry leader in US air freight and maintain high revenue growth while controlling market share. As stated in the case, FedEx was changing the traditional pension plan to a cash balance plan due to recent accounting rule changes and employees desiredRead MoreCompensation and Benefits Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesCourse Project The Compensation and Benefits of the Dooly County School System [pic] Renee Bowens HRM430 Professor Eureka Hampton August 16, 2009 DeVry University Abstract This report will show what compensation and benefits are offered to the employees of Dooly County. It will also show how a sick leave bank would benefit the employees that have exhausted their sick and personal leave days in order to care for themselves or their families. I hope this paper will show readers thatRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Ford Motor Company1657 Words   |  7 Pageslocated in the United States of America. The company has employed thousands of employees across the world. Any successful company must provide its employees with a good compensation and benefits plan to remain competitive. As a result, this study focused on researching the types of compensation and benefits plans Ford Motor Company offered to its employees. The study found out that the company offers compensation and benefits plans such as base pay, variable pay, insurance (health, risk, and life), holidayRead MoreAssignment1202 Words   |  5 PagesCompensation Management in corporates amp; components of compensation | By Regu Krishnan   Dy. Manager Ford India    | Introduction:- The increasing competitiveness of the labour market and turnover of employees had resulted in nightmare in compensation planning. Apart from this, the growing demands of the employees and competitive salaries offered by multinational companies had almost resulted in a compensation war in certain industries. Therefore, the human resources managers

Controversies Surrounding Vaccine Essay example - 701 Words

Immunization is the process by which a person or animal becomes protected against a disease. Even though it’s â€Å"one of the greatest health development of the 20th century†, the number of infants who aren’t fully vaccinated are increasing gradually over the past years. This happened because of all the controversy surrounding vaccine. Despite the fact that it can prevent potentially life-threatening diseases, people are paying less attention to those infections because they are rarely seen nowadays. So people start to look at the vaccine and the possible side effects and now they fear that the vaccine itself might be more harmful than it is helpful. Although there are some objections for the use of vaccinations, I strongly support it for many†¦show more content†¦Additionally, it may increase a child’s likelihood of developing multiple sclerosis, suffering intussusception and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Even though vaccine can certainly cause adverse effects, the risks of not being vaccinated far outweighed the small risks associated with injection. For instance, the measles vaccine can cause a temporary reduction in platelets in 1 in 30,000 children, but 1 in 2,000 will die if they get measles itself. Vaccination also leaves a person more vulnerable to other diseases because his or her natural immune system is weak from never fighting off an infection. However, there is a price to pay with natural immunity. For example, a natural polio infection can cause permanent paralysis. Vaccination can help prevent the disease without having any after-complications. Opponents also believe that government shouldn’t have the right to intervene in the health decisions parents make for their children. Since some people hold religious beliefs against immunization, forcing them to do so is violating the First Amendment which guarantees religious freedom. However, proponents stated that the public health is more important than an individual’s views and that no one should have the right to risk it to satisfy his or her personal moral, philosophy, or religion. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, childhood vaccines are 90% to 99% effective in preventing diseases. Even if theShow MoreRelatedI Am Doing A Research Paper On The Controversy Surrounding Vaccines1440 Words   |  6 PagesFor my Super Saturday T-Q-E, I am doing a research paper on the controversy surrounding vaccines. Some things that I think I know about this topic is that some people believe that we should not get vaccinations and that they can do more harm than goo d, and yet there are others who believe that getting vaccinations is the only way to prevent a massive outbreak in a community. Some questions I wanted to ask and answer are; can vaccinations actually be harmful to you? Can you still get a diseaseRead MoreEssay On Immunizing The Public Against Anti Vaccine Myths1831 Words   |  8 PagesImmunizing the Public Against Anti-Vaccine Myths: The Best Vaccine Against Misinformation is the Correct Information Picture yourself as a parent, driving your twelve-month old to the clinic for a scheduled vaccine. You wait at the reception, they call your name, you are pointed to a room, you wait, the vaccine is administered, the doctor mentions some information, and you drive home. The sequence ends with a small feeling of accomplishment as you check another box on your list of parental responsibilitiesRead MoreProblem Based Learning Scenario Essay3164 Words   |  13 Pagesand discusses the MMR vaccine with him. She is concerned about her child Henry, who is due to receive the vaccine. She has read reports about the vaccine and brings an article about a study which she has read to the clinic and wants to know why the medical community does not respect it. The practice nurse declares that the study was methodologically flawed and lacked internal validity. Later Mrs. Moonshine demands that Henry is given the three vaccines as separate injectionsRead MoreThe Controversy Surrounding Childhood Immunizations Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesThe Controversy Surrounding Childhood Immunizations The argument encompassing whether or not parents should vaccinate their children is ongoing. It is a very interesting matter to learn about and I possess some strong feelings about the case. This issue interests me because there are parents who don’t have their children vaccinated, and there are parents who do have them vaccinated. But all these parents share one particular quality: they all would like for their kids to be safe. One of the thingsRead MoreThe Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Essay example1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine The unforgettable story of vaccines is a story of triumph and controversy. The saddest part of the story is persistent ignorance and a lack of education, comingled with the personal need of some parents to explain away the problems of their children, have caused the controversy to arise. The good news is that the triumphant reality of vaccines as a whole is still the larger enduring legacy. The human papillomavirus vaccine is not an exception to this rule;Read MoreThe Ethics Associated With The Gardasil Vaccine1318 Words   |  6 Pages The Ethics Associated With the Gardasil Vaccine Molly Root St. John Fisher College Introduction Vaccinations are a topic of controversy in our society here in the United States. People have different perceptions and ideas about their personal medical care surrounding the suggestion to get vaccinated. Thousands of people adhere to the suggestions of their medical providers, while others challenge the idea of vaccinations. Individuals might choose to refuse vaccinations due toRead MoreHpv Controversy1684 Words   |  7 PagesWhitney Sienko McInnis December 6, 2007 â€Å"HPV Vaccine Controversy† The recent news of a vaccine that could prevent a large percent of cancer deaths in the United States alone would generally be considered a reason to celebrate. However, the current attempts of many states, including the governor of Texas, Rick Perry, to pass an ordinance making it mandatory for preteen girls to have the Gardasil vaccine to protect them from some of the forms of cervical cancer caused by HPV has met a greatRead MoreRick Perry s Decision On The Hpv Vaccine Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesRick Perry’s Decision on the HPV Vaccine Abstract A very significant portion of a well-functioning democratic society is obtaining individuals who will be obligated by moral decision making regarding political and personal policies. This paper is going to discuss Rick Perry’s decision to mandate that all girls eleven years and older receive the HPV vaccine before entering the six grade which has caused some controversy among the people of Texas. Positive and negative features of the decision willRead MoreVaccines Are Not the Cause of Autism Essay604 Words   |  3 Pagesnumerous controversies surrounding vaccinations for children in addition to the unfavorable reactions that may arise. The chief concerns are whether vaccinating causes serious developmental delays such as autism in children. The aim of this composition is to enlighten others that vaccinating children does not bring about autism. By means of scientific exploration along with advanced medical diagnosis in children, researchers currently recognize that the i ncrease in autism claims are not vaccine linkedRead MoreVaccination Is The Act Of Receiving An Injection Of Either Prepared Killed Microorganisms920 Words   |  4 Pages(CDC). Vaccines against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), human papillomavirus (HPV), and influenza are three of the most controversial subjects in medicine. Over the last few years, there have been strong opinions concerning these vaccines, stirring up an international debate as to their efficacy, safety and reliability. Consequently, a plethora of parents are choosing not to vaccinate their children due to potential negative side effects. In this paper I investigate both sides of the vaccine debate

A Critique of “Frankenstein Free Essays

string(92) " and experiences that can destabilize their perception of the world and bring them anguish\." Good v. Evil: Which is Which By: Logan Emlet Frankenstein is a literally fantastic novel, in which a gentle creation, the Monster, is shunned by his creator, Victor Frankenstein, as well as all other humans. The Monster becomes so dejected that he turns murderous and vows to destroy Victor’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on A Critique of â€Å"Frankenstein or any similar topic only for you Order Now The book is definitely fiction, as the Monster happens to be eight feet tall and superior to humans in almost every way save looks. Although this is probably the most evident distortion from reality, many others appear although not quite so blatantly. In her novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelly uses symbolism and distortions between the world of the book and the real world to demonstrate the truth of Romantic ideals. According to Webster’s dictionary, symbolism is defined as, â€Å"artistic imitation or invention that is a method of revealing or suggesting immaterial, ideal, or otherwise intangible truth or states. † The dictionary defines distort as, â€Å"to twist out of natural, normal, or original shape or condition,† and as, â€Å"to cause to be perceived unnaturally. While these two words may not always mean the same thing, in the case of this essay, they complement each other to better describe the differences at hand. One of the principle beliefs of the Romantics was that symbolism is the cleanest way to communicate truth. Their literature supports their thought that symbolism has the power to mean many different things simultaneously. In their literature, romantics do not use literary realism, but instead use this symbolism to critique or comment on reality by distorting this reality. One of the things that the Romantics strongly believed and is clearly portrayed in Frankenstein is the evil of the unnatural, and that nature is inherently good. For the Romantics, unnatural meant anything mechanical; hell was unnatural as well, along with evil, and knowledge. The unnaturalness of knowledge is a particularly important part of Frankenstein. Repeating throughout the novel, examples are shown of knowledge that brings suffering to its seekers. What brings the most pain to Victor throughout the novel is the knowledge of how to bring life to a being. This knowledge led to the creation of a creature that destroyed the lives of those around him. Before Victor actually undertook the creation of his creature, he first spent months of study and research in order to discover how to give life. After Victor possessed this knowledge it was human nature for him to test his theory. Like a child who is told not to do something, Victor was compelled to do something considered taboo by the standards of his society, and fulfill his curiosity. This fulfillment brought him untold tragedy and pain. The knowledge of creation directly ruined the rest of his life. Victor actually says, although it is probably more likely Mary Shelly, â€Å"You seek for knowledge and wisdom, as I once did; and I ardently hope that the gratification of your wishes may not be a serpent to sting you, as mine has been. † This quotation fairly screams out the evil that knowledge has wrought upon Victor. In reality, of course, it was impossible to create life back then as it is impossible to complete such a feat today. According to the Romantics, all knowledge is bad, but the knowledge of creation was especially bad because life is supposed to be a very natural thing. The Monster’s this life was manufactured and so not natural, creating almost a double evil. Another piece of evil knowledge shown in this novel is the Monster’s knowledge of human beings and their interactions. The Monster is inquisitive and curious of the others around him. He feels inclined to observe the humans with the hope that some day he will be accepted by them. Yet this interaction is highly unnatural. It would have been far wiser for the Monster to live as a beast in the forest. Unfortunately he sought knowledge and was shunned by human kind as a disgusting lout. Without knowledge of humans, he would never have been tempted to try to live among them and so would never have been feared. The Monster’s inquisitiveness clearly symbolizes the evilness of knowledge; while we don’t actually have creatures like the Monster trying to live with us, we can see how knowledge led to the Monster’s downfall. Yet another discovery that leads to ill ends is the Monster’s knowledge of murder as a way to hurt Victor. The first time the Monster killed someone, it was an accident and he did not even mean to hurt the boy. He reached out to quiet the child and only on accident, strangled the boy. When the Monster observed how distraught this made Victor, he knew he had found a way to seek revenge. If the monster had never killed the boy, then the following pain on Victor’s part and disgust on the part of the Monster, would have never taken place. Now in reality, there are no monstrous creations that try to destroy their creator’s life; this revenge once again symbolizes the evil of knowledge. In the present, humanity has not discovered a way to give the gift of life by any other means than sexual reproduction, we do not actually have an eight foot living corpse walking around in our midst, but we can see how knowledge leads to pain. A case can be made that knowledge in the real world can also lead to sorrow. From the simple knowledge of the death of a loved one, all the way up to something like knowledge that a prophesy that the world will end on 2012 is actually true, we can find much painful knowledge. The past two examples were clearly bad kinds of knowledge, but knowledge that we may think of every day as necessary for happiness, such as travel or a good education can also bring grief. When one travels the world, they are exposed to many sights and experiences that can destabilize their perception of the world and bring them anguish. You read "A Critique of â€Å"Frankenstein" in category "Papers" The story of the Buddha is one such example. Buddha had never been outside the palace he grew up in, and when he did he was immediately assailed by things such as death, disease, old age, and poverty. This traumatized the Buddha enough that he left his wife and child bringing them pain, and him, six years of deprivation. One way the Romantics view of knowledge could be summarized is by the old saying, â€Å"what you don’t know won’t hurt you. † School is supposed to offer a higher state of enlightenment, but many things that are learnt in school subtract from your happiness. Factoids that are learned can discredit a person’s dreams or prove them impossible. One such example is relativity theory; it could be a person’s dream to go back in time to see someone or something they miss, and then they are told that actually, it is impossible to go back in time. Another way the Romantics thought of knowledge could be a second old saying â€Å"ignorance is bliss. † One of the most powerful, and according to the Romantics, most dangerous things about knowledge, is that once gained, one can never rid oneself of it. If the Monster had been able to voluntarily rid himself of the knowledge that humans existed, he probably would have never have been disappointed by their close-mindedness. However, knowledge was not the only thing that the Romantics thought of as unnatural and so essentially evil. Mary Shelly also symbolizes the evil of the unnatural through one of the major characters throughout the book, Victor. Next to Shelly’s clear support of the Romantics view of knowledge as unnatural, Victor supports the Romantic’s criterion of un-natural. The things that were thought to be some of the most unnatural things were: wealth, education, productivity, and overnment. While Victor was not a part of government, he does display every other trait. He was wealthy; he grew up living in a mansion on the shores of Lake Geneva, living in leisure, playing in the Alps, getting the finest education. He was educated; he attended college in another country, and was always searching for knowledge. V ictor was productive; he surpassed all his fellow students at college and made leaps and bounds in his field of study. He is nearly the definition of what the Romantics consider unnatural. The Monster on the other hand could be considered very natural. The Romantics thought of nature as a work of art created from divine imagination, and subject to interpretation. They also thought of the human imagination as the human equivalent of the powers of nature or deity. So very literally, the Monster, nature, was a work of art created from Victor’s divine imagination and subject to the interpretation of the human race. Not only is the Monster the epitome of nature, he is almost the opposite of the Romantic’s definition of unnatural. He was not wealthy, educated, or part of a government. The symbolism here comes directly from Mary Shelly’s own life. When she was writing this book, she was having a bad time. Her sister died and Shelly was angry at God. This translates to a Monster who is angry at his creator, Victor, for leaving him such a bad lot in life. The Monster says â€Å"When I looked around I saw and heard of none like me. Was I a monster, a blot upon the earth from which all men fled and whom all men disowned? † This must have been very similar to what Mary Shelly felt. But unlike some Romantics, Shelly did not feel that God and Nature were the same thing. In fact she felt that they were opposites. God was deity; he was the divine, with the imagination that created nature, and she was the natural that was being stripped of all happiness. The Monster is a distorted version of Mary Shelly herself while Victor is a distortion of God. Through this symbolism, several things can be interpreted. First, Mary Shelly’s own view and unhappiness with God, and secondly romantic ideals such as natural versus unnatural, and nature as a work of art created by divine imagination. As discussed earlier, it seemed that the Monster fulfilled the Romantics definitions of unnatural. His life was created from knowledge that defiled natural life man-made so therefore unnatural. However, there seems to be an awful lot of evidence supporting the Monster as a natural being. He fitted to the definitions of being created by a â€Å"divine† imagination; he was not wealthy or educated. So according to this argument he was a natural being. This direct clash between two seemingly true opposites demonstrates one of the principle Romantic ideals, cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance is an immensely complex psychological topic, and is considered a mental problem these days. Boiled down, cognitive dissonance means the holding of two or more contradictory ideas simultaneously. As much as Romantics despised and rejected knowledge, they also embraced it, because it was quintessential to achieving one’s objectives. Romantics believed that myth and legend was not truth, but it communicated truth. And while Romantics believed that nature was the only way to encounter the eternal, they believed that nature is not the truth but rather symbolizes truth. The Romantics even thought of morality as something that changes perpetually. So if an uncertain morality was not too hard to live with, a natural-unnatural monster was definitely not over the heads of the Romantics. Shelly used the monster as a perfect way to symbolize cognitive dissonance. The Romantics also believed that in order to have a truly pleasing and beautiful exposure, one must first experience robust emotions such as awe, horror, and trepidation. The novel Frankenstein presents all of these emotions and displays the uncontrollable wildness of rage, pain, and suffering, the novel is a truly enjoyable and thought provoking book. The present, whenever the time of reference, can be confusing and can create uncertainties to what may actually be happening. Some people believe that saying it exactly how it is is the most helpful way to clear things up. The Romantics and many others besides thought that symbolism was a much more successful way. Frankenstein exemplifies how distortion, when used properly, can distort reality into an exaggerated unreality, that however different, succeeds in pointing out the views of a group or individual. How to cite A Critique of â€Å"Frankenstein, Papers

Digital Innovation Facebook and Whatsapp

Question: Disucss about theDigital Innovationfor Facebook and Whatsapp. Answer: The new start-up chosen for the essay is a retail company in Australia. The company has its physical stores in the country. Now it is trying to explore their business in online channels such as in Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter, Instagram, etc. The new start-up would invest its money in recruiting digital marketers who will be responsible in controlling all the digital campaigns of the company. The retail company would redefine their brand in the above-mentioned social media websites. The company in order to enlist their name in Google ads will initiate pay per click (PPC) campaign (Tiago and Verssimo 2014). As this is a small and medium enterprise, hence investment in these two fields will be beneficial for the company. Through these channels, the value proposition of the company i.e. providing quality dress items to the youths of Australia. This proposition is to be maintained both in terms of physical stores and in terms of online channels. The revenue sources of the digital plan wil l be the followers of the sites. It is the responsibility of the digital marketers to convert them into potential customers. For attracting the customers, initially offers and discounts will be provided along with stylish designs of clothes in a reasonable price. The cost incurred by the company at the initial level will be high in terms of revenue generation. This is because the social media marketers would perform the digital campaign in order to attract customers from the list of followers (Ward and Peppard 2016). References Tiago, M.T.P.M.B. and Verssimo, J.M.C., 2014. Digital marketing and social media: Why bother?.Business Horizons,57(6), pp.703-708. Ward, J. and Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons.

Medias Effect on Body Image free essay sample

The Media How realistic is the media’s presentation of women? Women and men come in all shapes and size, yet constantly the media presents us with only one ‘image’ – a very slender and unrealistic one. Only a small percentage of women actually look that way naturally. We forget when looking at these pictures that the best lighting and photographic equipment, hours with make-up artists and wardrobe assistants have been necessary to make these women look so ‘natural’. What is the media trying to do by constantly presenting us with unrealistic images? Deliberately convince us that we are not good enough as we are. To make us believe that in order to be happy, successful and popular we must change – we must try and mirror the media image. Because for most of us our size, shape and facial features are not represented on the screen or in the magazines we begin to feel as though we are ‘not good enough’. We will write a custom essay sample on Medias Effect on Body Image or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We begin to believe that we need to change, that we should not be happy with our current appearances. What do you think is gained by having us believe that we need to change ourselves? There is BIG money to be made in the name of image creation. Large industries are flourishing because we have come to believe that we need their products and services in order to be wanted, needed, loved, happy and successful. Just think of all the cosmetics, diet books, dietary products, dieting agencies, cosmetic surgeries – the number of businesses which are thriving simply because we have been made to feel inadequate as we naturally are. How would these businesses survive if we were left to feel happy with ourselves? How does this all effect us? We are of course all affected in varying degrees. The pressure to feel dissatisfied with ourselves can lead to low self-esteem, even self-hatred. Some of us become obsessed with striving to achieve the media image. This can be time consuming, expensive and emotionally damaging and lead to physical ill-health. Far from promoting health and happiness, these media images encourage illness. Some of us feel guilty when eating or swimming in public because out bodies are ‘not good enough’. Many turn to disordered eating patterns. many have died as a result. How successful do you feel the media has been in convincing you and your friends that you need to change? Think about how differently you would feel about yourself if the slim media image was replaced with a wide variety of shapes and sizes – just like the real world? What can you do about all this? Think carefully about the points raised here. Talk them over with your friends – we are all being pressured by the media. We all want to be loved, desired, happy, feel needed and wanted – but are those things that can really be bought, copied, or manufactured? Do happiness and popularity really come from a diet sheet, a pot of face cream or from a painful cosmetic surgery procedure? Suggestions Perhaps you and your friends can agree to help each other overcome media pressure by not encouraging each others diet and food fads, advocating certain body shapes or endorsing right and wrong body shapes. Reduce the talk of losing weight and changing shape. Try not to wonder what your ideal body shape is and think more about things that make you feel healthy and comfortable in you own skin. Leant to look at different shapes and sizes in a new light for what they are – that there are many different types of beautiful.

Factors Affecting the Success of Mega

Factors Affecting the Success of Mega Introduction In the recent past, the popularity of events management and related projects has increased. According to Bladen (2010), the phenomenon involves the application of project management concepts to the administration of events and occasions. In this paper, the author will analyse a number of contemporary issues affecting the management of these undertakings.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Factors Affecting the Success of Mega-Events specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To this end, the author will review 6 articles reporting on various issues in this field. A key theme affecting the operations of a manager operating in this field in each of the articles will be identified and critically reviewed. Contemporary Issues in Events Management Media Representation of Volunteers at the Beijing Olympic Games (Charles Richard Bladen) Volunteers play a major role in the management of activities related to many events. Bladen (2010) explores how the media represents volunteers in sports. Bladen analyses this issue from the perspective of the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The major theme in this article is the portrayal of volunteers in mainstream media. According to Bladen (2010), the Chinese and foreign media houses varied in their coverage of assistants involved in the Olympics. The local media portrayed these individuals as the force behind the success of the mega-event. The foreign media, on the other hand, treated volunteers as a ‘front’ for the Chinese government. According to Bladen (2010), Chinese media tended to glorify the parties, while foreign media focused on their shortcomings. The media is a very influential force, especially in gauging the success of managing an event like the Olympics. In some cases, media outlets can distort the outcomes of an event. Such distortions can occur in situations where there are conflicting representations, like in the Olympics Games. Bla den (2010) feels that the reporting of volunteering in sporting events lacks sufficient research. The media pays more attention on the individuals engaged in the sports and the actual games, ignoring the parties that provide their services for free. In future, the media can be harnessed to manage mega-events, such as the Olympics. The success can be achieved by acknowledging the individuals behind the preparation and execution of such activities. Beijing Olympics Games would have been depicted as a success if the conflicting representation of the volunteers did not give rise to extraneous issues, such as politics. Bladen (2010) addresses the problem of differing representation of volunteers in the games by analysing the major issues revolving around their roles. The motives behind the activities of these individuals are established by focusing on their duties and how they are treated by the media.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if w e can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The misrepresentation of volunteers in the Olympics Games had negative impacts on Chinese legacy. The misinformation raised questions about China’s sincerity and competencies in managing such events. The Chinese were depicted by the media as friendly and accommodating hosts. However, their government was regarded as ‘Big, Bad China’ (Bladen 2010). The biased reporting in the media cannot be ignored. Such skewed representation extends to the treatment of volunteers by local and international news agencies. As an events manager, the author of this paper feels that the media plays a significant role in the success of events. In addition, the invaluable contribution of volunteers cannot be ignored, irrespective of their skills. However, the coverage of events by the media should be independent from popular themes and attitudes surrounding the culture or politics of the people. The Conceptual isation and Measurement of the Legacy of Mega Sporting Events (Holger Preuss) The legacy of any event significantly influences the management of similar occasions in the future. In their article, Preuss (2007) reviews the nature of the legacies left behind by large scale sporting affairs. The impact of such events is the major theme in this article. Definition of the term legacy, especially in relation to events, is not clear cut. As a result of this, the International Olympic Committee has made efforts to clarify sporting activities and their impacts. The value derived by communities or sports organisations from games, as well as the value of the sporting facilities, constitutes the legacy of sports events. According to Preuss (2007), the effects of any sports undertaking on the community and on other stakeholders can either be positive or negative. They can also be planned or unplanned. The impacts of the event on sporting structures may persist for a long time. As an events manag er, it is important to note that the intended and unintended legacies of a mega sporting undertaking determine the management of the entire undertaking. In addition, the benefits that members of the community derive from the occasion determine its success or failure. Considering the massive investments made in large scale sporting events, the manager should take the lasting legacy very seriously. The impacts are part of the occasion’s return on investment.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Factors Affecting the Success of Mega-Events specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gauging the lasting impression of sports is very important in the management of these undertakings in the future. For instance, the manager should determine the extent to which the event benefits members of the society. To this end, those undertakings that have positive impacts on the community should be prioritised. There are several met hods used in measuring the legacy of large scale sporting affairs. They include the benchmark, the top-down, and the bottom-up approaches (Preuss 2007). As an event manager, the author of this paper agrees with Preuss that the bottom-up approach is more comprehensive, effective, and adequate compared to the rest. It is important to determine the structural changes brought about by ‘super-events’ (Preuss 2007). In addition, the manager should gauge the emotional impacts of the occasions, as well as their impacts on the image of the country. For instance, the enhancement of the country’s image as a result of hosting the Olympics is a major aspect of the event’s legacy. In the opinion of this author, the future of such large scale sporting organisations as the FIFA World Cup depends on their legacies in relation to the hosting nation. With regards to the current global economic turmoil, countries are taking the issue of the impacts of events very seriously. A s a manager, this author will strive to enhance the effects of large occasions using the pre-event, event, and post-event legacy framework. Hosting Business Meetings and Special Events in Virtual Worlds: A Fad or the Future? (David M. Pearlman Nicholas A. Gates) The contemporary world is characterised by significant developments in relation to information and technology. Today, technology is emerging as an essential aspect of almost all human undertakings. Events management is one of the areas in the modern world where technology is utilised. The application of technology in managing events is the major theme in this article. Pearlman and Gates (2010) carried out a study to determine virtual reality and its significance to contemporary organisations. The two sought to examine the adoption of this technology in businesses, special parties, and meetings. The viability of virtual reality applications in today’s business world was also analysed. According to Pearlman and Gates ( 2010), the term ‘virtual reality’ is used in reference to computer-simulated environments. The technology is used to ‘imaginarily’ replicate the real world. A number of computer applications are used to generate 3D visual environments that constitute the virtual world.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most professionals lack information on virtual reality applications. However, in spite of these inadequacies, the use of this technology in the business world is on the rise. Some of the applications available in the market include WebEx, 3D SL, and ON24 (Pearlman Gates 2010). The most significant contribution of virtual reality to the profession is the development of virtual events. They are gaining popularity because of several factors. Users are becoming used to online platforms. Maturation of virtual technologies and the availability of high bandwidth are some of the other factors enhancing virtual events. Holding virtual conferences and such other undertakings reduces operational costs in the organisation. Such reduced expenditures have increased the popularity of these kinds of meetings and conferences. In spite of the economic benefits associated with this technology, Pearlman and Gates (2010) note that some organisations are reluctant to adopt virtual reality. The study ill ustrates uncertainties about the future of this technology as one of the reasons behind the reluctance. However, considering the advantages associated with virtual events, these doubts are unjustified. Reports of similar undertakings hosted virtually by such organisations as IBM and American Cancer Society highlight the reliability and usefulness of these applications (Pearlman Gates 2010). Global pandemics, such as Influenza, and an increase in travel costs, have led to reduced physical participation in conventions and such other business gatherings. Virtual events have little or no carbon footprint. Such an attribute is important in the contemporary world where people are concerned with global warming. It is important to note that holding large scale events on the virtual platform is a difficult undertaking. In spite of these difficulties, it appears that the growth of these undertakings will increase in the future. Furthermore, simulating mega-events enhances the success of actu al ground occasions. The Effects of Facebook Users’ Arousal and Valence on Intention to go to the Festival: Applying an Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (Woojin Lee, Lina Xiong, and Clark Hu) The influence of social media platforms on marketing is a force to reckon with in events management. Large groups of people and corporations come together on social media sites. The link between Facebook as a social medium and management of activities is the main theme in the report cited above. Lee, Xiong, and Hu (2012) acknowledge the influence of social media on events marketing in the contemporary world. The sites make it possible to communicate directly with potential event attendees or the target audience. In addition, the gathering of first hand reactions and suggestions regarding events is made easy. Lee et al. (2012) sought to determine whether Facebook users actually respond to events communicated through the social media site or not. Lee et al. (2012) used the tech nology acceptance model (TAM) to assess how arousal and valence influenced the response of Facebook users in relation to events marketed via the site. The theory of reasoned action (TRA) forms the basis of TAM. It explains the construction of behaviours by individuals (Lee et al. 2012). According to Lee et al. (2012), individuals’ reaction to technology is informed by its perceived ease of use and applicability. Using TAM, Lee et al. determined that emotions are a major factor as far as responding to a Facebook marketing event is concerned. The importance of Facebook as a marketing tool is undeniable. For instance, every month, approximately 3.5 million events are advertised on the site (Lee et al. 2012). The sheer volume of users makes the site a prime tool for managers keen on wooing attendees, especially in relation to mega-events. However, ensuring that the users respond to the advertisements is a different matter altogether. Lee et al. (2012) found that users who experie nce high levels of arousal and valence from the advertisement are more likely to access Facebook pages than their counterparts. Such users are also more likely to respond to the events marketed there compared to other individuals. Technology advancements give rise to new marketing options. Organisers adopt the most effective of these alternatives. Understanding the factors influencing these options will ultimately determine the success of marketing. Social media marketing is important in reaching out to those users that are technologically savvy. Facebook is one of the most popular platforms used in relation to this form of marketing. To determine the future responsiveness of these users, managers should focus on the perceived value of this social site. The event page should be easy to navigate. Updating the content on such pages will also enhance the success of future events. The Development of Competitive Advantage through Sustainable Event Management (Stephen Henderson) The artic le by Henderson (2011) revolves around the theme of sustainable event management. Henderson (2011) emphasises the need for organisations and event organisers to meet their projected desires. The managers can achieve this through sustainable application of both human and physical resources. Sustainability implies a form of development that meets the present human needs. The development also makes some compromises to help future generations meet their own needs. The definition of sustainable events encompasses several issues. In a broad sense, the definition brings together both the process and the outcome or product of the event. The two aspects imply undertakings organised to meet sustainable standards to enhance the benefits accrued to the audience (Henderson 2011). To this end, a sustainable event should be beneficial to the people and the planet as a whole. In addition, it should meet the interests of the investors. Public and private sector occasions differ in relation to sustai nable management. The former are more concerned with the public welfare. Organisers of such undertakings strive to help the people and to safeguard the environment. On the other hand, management of private sector events mainly focuses on profit generation at the expense of the people and the planet (Henderson 2011). Sustainable coordination of activities may be compromised when competitive advantage is sought. However, cost leadership and focus and differentiation strategies can be used to enhance sustainability without negatively affecting the profitability aspect of these investments. Differentiation and focus approach is people oriented. The event organiser focuses on the delivery of unique utility to the audience. Both approaches enhance profits since the consumers are drawn to the event by the qualities they desire. As such, they are likely to contribute generously to support the process. Conflicts are likely to occur between sustainable management and cost leadership, especial ly with regards to the creation of competitive advantage. It is noted that most of the strategies used in lowering costs disregard the sustainability aspect of the event. For instance, generation of green energy to support the activities associated with Olympics may be costly compared to the use of fossil energy. Such an event addresses the issue of sustainability, but negatively impacts on profitability. To realise sustainability, future event organisers should try to combine the various competitive elements of management. An event geared towards differentiation and focus is more likely to achieve the sustainability target. The same is not guaranteed when a competitiveness strategy is adopted. Sustainability is an important element in contemporary business management. Managers should realise the importance of upholding sustainability in their undertakings. Sustainability-oriented societies will most likely respond to sustainable events, irrespective of the price they are required t o pay to enjoy such undertakings. Relationship Marketing of Services: Growing Interest, Emerging Perspectives (Berry 1995) Berry (1995) addresses the theme of relationship marketing of services in the context of events management. The author views the concept as a collection of activities involved in the attraction, maintenance, and enhancement of client relationships. It is noted that most mega-events are products of multiple services organisations. As such, the importance of relationship marketing in this field is irrefutable. The analysis of Contact Theatre relationships and marketing of services by Berry (1995) brings to light some essential aspects of relationship marketing. The interaction between the theatre and the various stakeholders reveals the framework adopted by this organisation in promoting its services. Berry (1995) regards the nature of interactions as a vital element in the success of the theatre. The success is especially determined by the response to the convent ions and other gatherings held. Contact Theatre nurtures relationships with various individuals involved in the running of the business. They include, among others, teachers and youthful workers. The interactions with local, national, and international arts organisations highlight this connection. The link between arts directors and members of staff, for example, indicates internal relationships. According to Berry (1995), marketing differs depending on the nature of relationships exhibited in an organisation. The differences are inevitable since the roles of the individuals or groups in the interaction also differ. For instance, the marketing of internal engagements should focus on attracting and developing qualified employees (Berry 1995). Internal employees and the audience are the most important stakeholders with regards to the activities carried out at Contact Theatre. As such, internal marketing is essential since the services produced involve performance. To this end, the emp loyees are the performers (Berry 1995). Collaboration with the audience is the only means through which the theatre can achieve its objectives. The success of Contact Theatre is measured using the status of the relationships it has with stakeholders and the response of the audience. The more people respond to artistic events, the more the success of the managers. Contact Theatre is a non-profit organisation. In the opinion of this author, management in this entity differs significantly with the coordination of activities in private commercial organisations. The objectives of the latter involve the establishment of relationships geared towards the generation of revenue. On the contrary, Contact Theatre focuses on sustainable relationships with the society and other stakeholders. The internal and external stakeholders regard their relationship with Contact Theatre positively. The former regard this engagement as an open undertaking, leading to high levels of satisfaction and mutual in terest. The external stakeholders view their interaction with the theatre as representative of all groups. References Berry, L 1995, ‘Relationship marketing of services: growing interest, emerging perspectives’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 23. no. 4, pp. 243-245. Bladen, C 2010, ‘Media representation of volunteers at the Beijing Olympic Games’, Sport in Society, vol. 13. no. 5, pp. 728-796. Henderson, S 2011, ‘The development of competitive advantage through sustainable event management’, Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, vol. 3. no. 3, pp. 245-257. Lee, W, Xiong, L Hu, C 2012, ‘The effect of Facebook users’ arousal and valence on intention to go to the festival: applying an extension of the technology acceptance model’, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 31. no. 1, pp. 819-827. Pearlman, D Gates, N 2010, ‘Hosting business meetings and special events in virtual worlds: a fad or the future?’, Journal of Convention Event Tourism, vol. 11. no. 1, pp. 247-265. Preuss, H 2007, ‘The conceptualisation and measurement of mega sport event legacies’, Journal of Sport Tourism, vol. 12. nos. 3-4, pp. 207-227.

Analysis of the Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Critical Thinking Essay

Analysis of the Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Critical Thinking Skills in Undergraduate Nursing Students - Essay Example It is an adaptive measure to handle simple and complex scenarios in a nursing field. It is apparent that the problem based learning principles tries to develop a curriculum that is relevant and appropriate. This curriculum is based on the ability to provide students with a platform to grow their critical thinking capacity. Through the implementation, students develop skills to integrate knowledge acquired in problem solving. This study shows that PBL has a positive impact in critical thinking. It provides basic self-evaluation and the installation of personal effort in providing solutions. This helps in sailing through complex issues with ease through a distinctive reasoning. In a nursing field, the complex scenarios require prior knowledge and the ability to confidently face the situation. In the past few decades there have been great advances and transformations in health care. These are attributed in the rapid growth of technology and theory. Most of these changes in the nursing field are associated with incumbent moral and ethical dilemmas existing in their daily practice. Due to these changes, nurses must be more equipped to deal with the complex changes. They are required to be skilled in reasoning abilities and high level thinking. According to Fowler (2008), the complexity of current healthcare demands critical thinking. Daily, nurses are involved in decision making. They are required to navigate through different problems thus the need to have knowledge for problem solving. This makes the use critical thinking crucial in the examination of simple and complex scenarios in a nursing field. Critical thinking helps nurses and nursing students in quality improvement. There are clinical proficiencies that combine the analysis and synthesis of clinical information in patient care situations. They are designed to prepare future nurses think critically in a variety of their

Analysis of Health and Safety in Chemical Industries Article Assignment

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Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Business Plan - Essay Example Stern measures have to be taken by the tour operators as far as safety and health assessments are concerned as Controls are not rigorous. This would help to safeguard the agency also against any litigation. Assessments of health and safety should be carried out throughout the tour (Daily Mail, 2006). While tour operators have to rely on the guarantees provided by the hotel authorities, BE should ensure that its terms and conditions of joining the tour are well laid out while setting up the business as tour operators could be subject to civil liability (AHS, 2007). While WTO predicts international travel will grow annually at the rate of 4.1% up to 2020 but various factors pose a risk to tourism. These include economic stability, world terrorism, and global climate changes. The UK travel sector is just recovering from the recent airport chaos and the threat of terrorist attack. Fear of terrorism affects global travel demand and the targets set by BE is a very optimistic figure. Tourism is a very sensitive sector and destination factor is very important. BE intends to focus on the affluent class and predominantly on adventure tourism. The company has not attained any experience in this segment and it would be advisable to have another sector and segment to fall back upon initially till it gets established. The number of holidays on offer should be limited to start with. Security situation puts holiday firms in a difficult situation (Reuters, 2007). Lessons can be learnt from the giants in the industry who have been able bring a turnaround despite the effects of football World Cup, avian flu, terror threats and the hot summer in UK (Mall, 2007). This has required a dual measure of huge investments and cost-cutting in various areas. BE plans to build brand awareness in the first year but would have to consider the consolidation taking place in the UK travel market as big firms are merging. This definitely means less competition but there is an oversupply of

The Smartphone Security Awareness Information Technology Essay

The Smartphone Security Awareness Information Technology Essay Over the past decade mobile phones have become pervasive and have evolved significantly from feature phones to smartphones to fit the increasing needs of the competitive market and to meet consumers wants and needs. The purpose of this research paper is to provide insight and raise security awareness into the risks posed by unsecured smart mobile devices. Smartphones are ubiquitous devices and are comparative to the personal computer in terms of computational power, choice of operating systems, software with the same extended features and the ability to support 3rd party software. Smartphones have enabled businesses and their workforce the freedom to collaborate and access organizational data 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. What has been done to protect individuals and businesses from the ever increasing threat of mobile orientated attacks? Pervasive computing (also called ubiquitous computing) Endpoint security antivirus/malware enterprise information infrastructure mobile information security perspective security awareness training technical topics are outside the scope of this research Introduction The purpose of this document is to expose a business problem from a technological viewpoint. The subject of the business problem I have selected is on smartphone security awareness. This subject will be analysed and critically evaluated, then expanded upon further to reflect the range of possible solutions and create a comprehensive guide for the benefit of the reader. 1.1 Motivation The motivation for this project was mostly due to my vocational role as an IT consultant. During the course of my employment over the past decade within the IT industry, I have noticed a substantial gap within businesses for the need of greater smartphone security and awareness. It was obvious to me that along with the evolution and improved capabilities of cellular devices, established a greater risk for organisations. This thesis is the result of work I have personally carried out in various roles throughout my technological career between October 2004 and December 2010. 1.2 Aims and objectives The following are my aims and objectives for this project Aims Create an authoritative document with recommendations to raise awareness and inform businesses for the need of greater mobile security within the business environment. Use insight to establish a research gap. Main objectives Assess smart mobile devices currently used. Analyse security advantages and disadvantages of smart mobile devices. Establish what risks smart mobile devices are exposed to. Evaluate impact of risk exposed by unsecure mobile devices to businesses. Examine mobile security currently available. Investigate responsibility Evaluate current business policies and procedures for mobile devices and how these are enforced. Construct smartphone security guide with recommendations for businesses. 1.3 Problem Statement The problem is information and financial loss due to information theft or inaccessibility from malicious software (malware), and the detrimental impact this has upon the business. There are many types of information that can be stored on smartphones for example, personally identifiable information in the form of contact details (phone, address), email, GPS coordinatesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Information security has gained significant value within the business domain over the past decade however this value remains subjective. Users have been made aware of the risks posed by malicious software whilst using their personal computer on the internet, now assistive technology like smart mobile devices are becoming increasingly more powerful, functional and ubiquitous. Where personal computers have at least some security software in place as standard, smartphones commonly have no security software installed and are susceptible to the same threats as personal computers. Businesses, professionals and personal users now have a greater awareness for the need of personal computer security. This has been provided by media coverage, enterprise training or through personal experience. When using a personal computer or laptop for example, it is common to find a firewall and antivirus software installed showing that internet safety has now become a social normalcy. Example http://www.bloobble.com/broadband-presentations/presentations?itemid=3397 Data loss or inaccessibility due to a virus, data theft due to Smartphones are high specification mobile personal computers, and are subject to the same risks personal computers are open to. There are four to five billion mobile phones and we are approaching a billion smart phones. But remember that these devices are more powerful than supercomputers were a few years ago, and we are putting them in the hands of people whove never had anything like it before. Google CEO Eric Schmidt Businesses need IT to function, IT adds value and to compete in todays economic climate. ITs purpose is to save time, time is money. Todays organisations rely heavily upon information technology in order to allow their business to function (Khosrowpour, 2001). This is fundamentally due to how intricate information technology systems are embedded into organisations. Enterprise architecture (EA) is a communication tool between IT and business (Zachman, 2004). EA is multifaceted (Wagter et al, 2005) and for the scope of the project I will be examining how the Security Architecture (SA) facet can benefit organisations to secure the Information Technology within the business against the increasing threat that unsecured mobile devices pose. There are many different mobile operating systems for smart mobile devices requiring different security applications. I will analyse these systems and the risks associated. My intentions are to investigate what impacts smart mobile devices can have on businesses, why these problems affect the organisation, and how they are overcome. Finally I will gather insight and make recommendations that businesses can use to foresee and prevent future unnecessary costs and risk. 2 Literature review 2.1 Background The subject I have proposed to use for this project is a very real-world business and information technology problem. Because smartphone security is still in its infancy, it is currently quite a challenge to source accurate and relevant information from authoritative sources such as Emerald without resorting to web based research. However, the more this project advances smartphone security in the media is becoming omnipresent. The first documented computer virus was designed over 25years ago by two brothers named name 1 and name 2 in Pakistan, the virus was called the brain virusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Timeline evolution of the mobile telephone (Malware) Analogue Cellular Mobile History / Uses 2.2 Current status/Development of theories Information is all that needs to be secured. Malware is changing, smartphones are changing and businesses are changing. How far up the technological ladder are mobiles/feature phones/smartphones 2.3 How this project fits in with the literature review I had chosen the subject then chosen the literature review method, thus tailoring the literature review to fit the requirements of the project. 3 Research methods 3.1 Introduction: hypothesis Throughout my employment, I recognised a gap and need for smartphone security within 3.2 Epistemology http://www.learnhigher.ac.uk/analysethis/main/quantitative1.html One of the methods of analysis I will to use is the conceptual method, this has been described by Beaney as a way of breaking down or analysing concepts into their constituent parts in order to gain knowledge. Conceptual analysis consists primarily in breaking down or analysing concepts into their constituent parts in order to gain knowledge or a better understanding of a particular philosophical issue in which the concept is involved (Beaney 2003). I have interpreted this to mean the compartmentalisation and analysis of data. The proposed project will be delivered using an analytical in-depth research structure. I have chosen this project structure as it will primarily be research based on the current business problem as previously stated. I intend to analyse this problem, propose possible solutions, test and implement a well-documented solution with recommendations. Critical and creative thinking skills such as Edward.De Bono six thinking hats will be used to examine the problem domain. A review will be given on how the systems work and compare them to how they should work. I will then analyse the solution domain by examining which options are available to improve the system security along with an optimal recommendation and the benefits it would provide. 3.3 Methodology Figure research methodFor my project I will implement a triangulated, positivistic methodological approach, I have chosen this particular technique as it will provide me a balanced view of the subject area. I will incorporate both quantitative and qualitative primary research methods as recommended by Bryman (BRYMAN, 2006). However for the scope of this project I will be mostly using Quantitative based research as indicted in Fig 1 below. . Bryman advises that quantitative data can be gathered by way of a survey and qualitative research collected from journals and interviews. Initially I will undertake primary research in the form of a survey questionnaire, and furthermore I will interview professionals in the field of smartphones and security such as police personnel, security advisors and mobile phone shop staff. The survey will be available to respondents in paper form and electronically hosted so any user with internet access may access it. I will design the survey to be concise and simple to maximise the amount of respondents and gain quality information. My target survey participants are business managers, IT professionals and general smartphone users. I have chosen to target these particular users as I am trying to ascertain not only the perception of smartphone security but also what policies and procedures are put in place and how aware users are of these. I have proposed to target these users by using a popular internet based technological social news website named Reddit. Reddit has a daily turnover of over 850.000 unique users (Alexa, 2010). According to Alexa the average Redditor is male, between the age of 18 to 44, does not have children, is well educated and browses Reddit either from work or home, suggesting that the majority of Redditors are working professionals and due to being a technological social news website the average user is technologically aware (Alexa, 2010). This confirms my premise and establishes that Reddit would suit my proposed target survey participant. There are many options available for online survey software, each option has its benefits and weaknesses, I have carefully analysed these options personally and have chosen to utilise the cloud based option Survey Monkey to host my survey. The default limitations of Survey Monkey are the survey itself has been designed to be logical with closed questioning and Qualitative data has been sourced from reliable and authoritative resources. I have chosen journals from Emerald Primary research methods used Interviewing mobile phone shop staff, police, business owners I will critically analyse the results of my survey by comparing the answers given to a risk register. 4 Results 4.1 Presentation and description of results Who took part? A survey was conducted to establish the awareness for the need of smartphone security. Users were openly invited from technological backgrounds to partake in the survey and assured of anonymity. A total of 758 people responded to the online survey from a possible 854,998 potential participants. The survey itself was open for one month during February and March 2011. The results indicated that majority share with 82% of survey responders being male as opposed to the 18% that were female both averaging at 26 years of age, this confirms part of my original hypothesis as an average smartphone user. When asked, 53% of respondents reported that they had used their smartphone solely for personal use as opposed to the 45% of partakers that reported they used their smartphone for both business and personal use, with just 2% reporting to use a smartphone solely for business use only as shown in Fig 2 combining a total of 47%.C:UsersLeeDesktopUniUniversity 2010_11MikeDissertationDocumentsDissertationSurveySurvey monkey charts8 FeaturesSM_Features_Line.png Figure Smartphone use 25% of respondents had only been using smartphones for the past six months, 17% were aware they had been using them for at least a year and a majority percentage of 59% had been using smartphones for more than one year. Only 12% of respondents opted to use the pay as you go payment facilities as opposed to the greater majority of 88% that have contracts. SMARTPHONE 34% of respondents used an Apple IPhone, 58% reported to use Android smartphones, 13% used Blackberries and 6% (46) of respondents had Nokia smartphones. (GRAPHIC) 87% of respondents had used calendar functions, 94% of respondents used email, 86% of used games, 87% of respondents used GPS features, 74% of respondents used instant messaging, 52 % of respondents used internet banking facilities, 66% of respondents used multimedia messaging service (MMS), 94% of respondents used the short messaging service (SMS) feature and 78% of respondents admitted to using social networking sites on their smartphone. A total of 756 participants responded and 2 participators chose not to answer the question. From a total of 758 respondents, 63% (476) valued the physical smartphone above the 37% (282) whom valued the information more. Applications 93% of survey partakers used 3G for mobile data communication, 59% of respondents used Bluetooth technology, only 4% of had used infrared line of sight technology, 75% of respondents admitted to connecting via universal serial bus (USB), 94% of participators had used wireless for mobile data communication. Total of 757 participators answered this question and 1 partaker chose to skip the question. Security Survey respondents considered smartphone security as beneficial but not essential as the majority answer with 64% (485), 21% (159) didnt not consider there to be a need currently for smartphone security software as opposed to 15% (114) whom considered smartphone security software as absolutely essential. A total of 758 of 758 responded to this question. 87% Of participants stated that they do not use any smartphone security software. 87% of participants reported that they did not use any form of smartphone security software such as antivirus as opposed to 13% that did. A majority of 92% (699) had not been advised of any security methods to protect them or their information from fraud, theft or malicious software. 8% (59) respondents agreed they had received adequate security advice. Everyone answered this. Malware 95% (694) of respondents were aware of Adware, 27% had known about Badware, 25% (181) of respondents were aware of Crimeware, 69% (504) had previous knowledge of Rootkits, Trojans'(95%, 696), Spyware (95%, 697), and Worm (90%, 656)were the most commonly aware terms of malware from the malicious software list, the majority being Virus (711) with 97% of respondents being aware of this type of malware. 731 respondents answered this question. 62% of survey participants reported that they did not pay attention to licence agreements and permissions when installing applications on their smartphones 34% reported they did read the licence agreements and permissions. 4% of respondents believed that this question was not applicable to them for their smartphone use. Personal Computer 81% of responders were aware for the need of security software for personal computers and 19% were not aware. All survey partakers responded to this question. 94% (713) participants have connected their smartphone to a personal computer (PC), 6% (46) stated they had not ever connected to a PC. All 758 respondents answered this question. 96% (728) respondents stated that they owned the smartphone, only 4% (30) of respondents had employer owned smartphones. All partakers responded to this question. Responsibility Out of the 758 respondents, 15% (115) were aware of policies within their place of business, with the majority of respondents 41% (309) unaware of any workplace policies or procedures particularly orientated toward smartphones. 44% (334) responded that the question was not applicable to them. All participants answered this question. 4.2 Discussion and interpretation of the results Awareness and concern Compare phones and age to security awareness Bb were the most security aware group Internet banking is true by smartphone antivirus is false and user is aware of computer antivirus need. Harris Interactive: Tablet users more likely to transfer sensitive data than smartphone users Serendipity, sagacity 5 Smartphones A mobile phone is a portable electronic device used to make and receive telephone calls. The mobile phone was first revealed by Dr Martin Cooper from the company Motorola in 1973, it was not until ten years after Dr Coopers demonstration that Motorola released its flagship mobile phone the DynaTAC, this was the worlds first commercially viable mobile phone (Motorola, 2009). Originally these devices were commercially targeted at businesses and upper class individuals as the cost of the device was very high and the actual usage was severely restricted, due to the technology limitations at this time battery weight was 2kg (Motorola, 2009) and the battery duration would last a maximum of 30 minutes thus making the device impractical and available only to businesses and professional consumers. According to Moores Law, the number of transistors on a chip roughly doubles every two years. (Intel, 2005) As Moore stated over thirty five years ago, due to the advancement of processors, battery technologies and overall reduced power consumption, mobile phones have become lighter, smaller, more powerful and longer lasting. Due to these fundamental technological advancements mobile phones have been able to incorporate additional existing technologies such as camera units, sensors, speakers and often take advantage of JAVA based applications and features, thus coining the term Feature phone. Feature phones are more advanced technologically than mobile phones. Smartphone The term smartphone is ambiguous and many experts fail to agree on a suitable definition. Most smartphone features are not exclusive to a particular category, this project does not intend to make that definition, however for the scope of this project I have listed combined definitions and compared current smartphone features as listed in Figure 3 below. Most vendorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ type more Gartner, a world leading authority in information technology research define smartphones as A large-screen, voice-centric handheld device designed to offer complete phone functions while simultaneously functioning as a personal digital assistant.'(Gartner, 2010) Feature phones can have several of the characteristics as listed below in figure 3, however smartphones have the capability of providing all the capabilities. As a result, any mobile device meeting all conditions of each function in figure 3 can be considered a smartphone under this definition. Figure Smartphone characteristics Function Characteristic Phone size Device is compact and easily transported. Operating System Operating system that allows third party applications. Connectivity Device provides multiple methods (wired and wireless) of connecting to both the internet and other devices and networks. Input The device contains keyboard, or touchscreen keyboard. Storage capacity The device has a large and expandable storage facility. Office functionality The device provides the ability to perform basic office tasks such as email, take notes and word processing. Calendar The device includes a digital organiser and calendar. Synchronisation The device supports synchronisation of information with fixed desktop or laptop devices, or online web services. Phone Features The mobile device executes voice, text and multimedia message functions. Sensors Acceloratormeter, light, sound and movement sensors. A model to measure the maturity of smartphone security at softwareà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Under this definition of smartphones or Smart Mobile Device (SMD) the following mobile platforms were included: Apple iOS Blackberry Google Android Symbian Windows Mobile These mobile platforms were reported to be the top 5 mobile platforms used in 2010 Figure (?) Storage expansion cards Smartphones currently reside in the top tier of mobile communication technology. Third party operating system As previously stated there are many smartphone platforms available, each platform and brand bringing different benefits and functionality. These platforms or operating systems create opportunities for both businesses and personal users. For businesses this increased functionality provides the facility for added employee productivity. These opportunities exist not just for business and personal users as the opportunity extends to the bad guys too, I will continue to explain further in the document. Smartphone Definition A smartphone is defined as A cellular telephone with built-in applications and Internet access (PCMAG, 2010) describes a smartphone as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ describes it asà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I have interpreted these descriptions and define smartphones as not feature phones basically. All smartphones have generalised functionality, such as input devices (keys, touchscreen) I will go into greater detail regarding the operating features Botha, et al (2009) point out that early generations of cell phones and PDAs had relatively little storage capability. Johnson (2009) indicates that todays generation of devices can be quickly and easily upgraded by adding additional storage cards. http://mobileopportunity.blogspot.com/2007/01/shape-of-smartphone-and-mobile-data.html 5.1 Apple The Apple Iphone was the original smartphone (), first released in June 2007. Popular, perceived security (apple store, scans for malware?) Simplistic design Limitations: NO support for flash 5.2 Android Open source, will be biggest 5.3 Blackberry (RIM) Security architecture built upon military specification, perceived most secure as email encryption (tunnelled) through Canada Banned in UAE 5.4 Symbian Owned by Finnish giant Nokia open sourcing the software opens up the availability of the Source Code to programmers, who can then develop, modify and distribute as they see fit meaning a richer and hopefully what becomes a considerably improved OS very quickly thanks to developer input. http://blog.mobiles.co.uk/mobile-news/symbian-os-goes-open-source/ http://blog.mobiles.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/symbian.jpg Most popular globally, acquired by Microsoft? 5.5 Windows mobile Newest player, least perceived secure device 6 Smartphone role within business environment 6.1 Email 7 Malware defined Continuously evolving, changing creative Virology Malware encompasses Define Malware (Family) Malware, short for  malicious software http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malware Grimes (2001) defines malware as any software program designed to move from computer to computer and network to network to intentionally modify computer systems without the consent of the owner or operator. Etsebeth, V. (2007) Sensory malware soundminer, a stealthly Trojan with innocuous permissions that can sense the context of its audible surroundings to target and extract a very small amount of HIGH-VALUE DATA. Give example 7.1 Badware Give example 7.2 Crimeware Collecting company secrets for profit Crimeware is malicious software that is covertly installed on computers. Most crimeware progams are in fact Trojans. There are many types of Trojans designed to do different things. For example, some are used to log every key you type (keyloggers), some capture screenshots when you are using banking websites, some download other malicious code, and others let a remote hacker access your system. What they each have in common is the ability to steal your confidential information such as passwords and PINs and send it back to the criminal. Armed with this information, the cybercriminal is then able to steal your money. http://www.kaspersky.com/crimeware Give example 7.3 Greyware Adware spyware Give example 7.4 Riskware Give example 7.5 Rootkits iPad and smartphone rootkits demod by boffins http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/02/23/smartphone_rootkits_demoed/ Give example 7.4 Scareware Give example 7.5 Trojan Give example 7.6 Virus Give example 8 Define Risk to business or individual Mobile banking 8.1 Define Legal implications http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/its3/seminar-notes/2005-05-18-DataSecurityLaw.pdf Computer related crime Dishonestly obtaining electronic communication service Section 125 of the Communications Act 2003 creates an offence in relation to dishonestly obtaining use of an electronic communication service with intent to avoid payment of the charge applicable to that service. This offence reflects the continual advancement of technology, thus covering all the diverse types of services available Theft of information Oxford v Moss (1979) Unauthorised use of a computer: theft of services Theft Act 1968, s. 13 dishonestly uses without due authority, or dishonestly causes to be wasted or diverted, any electricityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Criminal damage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Intangible (Computer Misuse Act 1990, s.3) unauthorised modification: to impair the operation, prevent or hinder access or reliability denial of service: The Caffrey problem à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Case law insiders à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Whitaker (1993) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lindesay (2000) virus writers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ e.g. Pile (1995), Vallor (2003) 8.2 Responsibility Examine who is responsible Define Solutions Effects and results of infected device on company with each malware type 9 Security Security doesnt exist in products and verbiage alone; it requires a process, people, policies, education, and technologies working together. http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=6502997 9.1 ISO27002 9.2 COBIT 5 Schedule to release in 2011, COBIT 5 will consolidate and integrate the  COBIT 4.1, Val IT 2.0 and Risk IT frameworks and also draw significantly from the Business Model for Information Security (BMIS) and ITAF. http://www.isaca.org/Knowledge-Center/COBIT/Pages/Overview.aspx Security updates? 9.3 Smartphone security solutions http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/020911-ibm-juniper-mobile-security.html 10 Conclusions Moores Law http://venturebeat.com/2010/08/13/moore%E2%80%99s-law-hits-a-wall-trouble-for-mobile-growth/#disqus_thread 10.1 Summary 10.2 Future work Mobile wallets customers will be able to transfer funds from their bank account/paypal using their phones via text message (http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/Malware_Goes_Mobile.pdf) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NirvanaPhone future smartphone symbiant acquisitioned by Microsoft (biggest os for pcs) newest player to smartphone market. As Sensor-rich smartphones become more ubiquitous, sensory malware has the potential to breach the privacy of individuals at mass scales. https://www.cs.indiana.edu/~kapadia/papers/soundminer-ndss11.pdf 11 Glossary PC Personal computer PDA Personal digital assistant Prosumer Professional + consumer = advanced consumer (Cisco, 2008) http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac79/docs/wp/Prosumer_VS2_POV_0404_FINAL.pdf

Contrasting Fortinbras and Laertes with Hamlet Essay -- comparison com

     Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet, Laertes, Fortinbras and Hamlet find themselves in similar situations.   While Hamlet waits for the right time to avenge his father's death, Laertes learns of his father's death and immediately wants vengeance, and Fortinbras awaits his chance to recapture land that used to belong to his father.   Laertes and Fortinbras go about accomplishing their desires quite differently than Hamlet.   While Hamlet acts slowly and carefully, Laertes and Fortinbras seek their revenge with haste. Although Laertes and Fortinbras are minor characters, Shakespeare molds them in order to contrast with Hamlet.   Fortinbras and, to a greater extent, Laertes act as foils to Hamlet with respect to their motives for revenge, execution of their plans and behavior while carrying out their plans.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although each character plots to avenge his father in the play, the motives of Laertes and Fortinbras differ greatly than that of Hamlet.   Fortinbras, who schemes to rebuild his father's kingdom, leads thousands of men into battle, attempting to capture a small and worthless piece of Poland. After his uncle warned him against attacking Denmark.   The added land will do little to benefit Norway's prosperity, but this campaign may cost "two thousand souls and twenty thousand ducats" (4.4.26) .   This shows that pride is a driving factor behind Fortinbras' plan because he is willing to put the lives of his countrymen at risk for a minimal gain.   Laertes, on the other hand, is compelled to seek revenge because he loses his father and eventually his sister.   The root of Laertes' revenge appears to be the love for his family because he proclaims that he will "be revenged / most throughly for [his] father" (4.5... ...side Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Mack, Maynard. "The World of Hamlet." Yale Review. vol. 41 (1952) p. 502-23. Rpt. in Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. Rev. ed. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. New York: Oxford University P., 1967.    Rosenberg, Marvin. "Laertes: An Impulsive but Earnest Young Aristocrat." Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: Univ. of Delaware P., 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html    Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1907-21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000 http://www.bartleby.com/215/0816.html   

Industrial Instrumentation On Load Cells Engineering Essay

Load cells are detectors which are used to mensurate the degree or force per unit area by change overing the force ( torsion or mass ) into electrical signals and so these signals are displayed by the show unit to demo the degree or force per unit area. Load cells are besides known as burden transducers. In dictionary, a burden cell is known as â€Å" weight mensurating device necessary for electronic signal that displays weight in the signifier of figures. † Load cells can be classified harmonizing to their operations: Load cells that utilize liquid force per unit area or air force per unit area. Load cells that utilize snap. Load cells that utilize a magnetostriction or piezoelectric consequence. The strain gage burden cell is the largely used among the all sorts of burden cells. Therefore, when we say â€Å" burden cell, † we are largely mentioning to strive gauge burden cells. Although there are many other measurement devices, such as piezoelectric detectors, magnetostrictive detectors, electrical capacity detector and other detectors.1.2-Types of Load cellsStrain gage burden cells Tension burden cells Pneumatic burden cells Hydraulic burden cells Shear Load Cells Compression Load Cells Bending Load Cells Ringing Torsion Load Cells Pancake Load Cells Single Point Load Cells1.3-Strain Gauge Load CellsThis is a type of burden cell which is usage to mensurate the degree of any storage vas.1.3.1-Working ruleWhen force per unit area is applied on a music director its length alterations due to which opposition of the music director alterations and relation to the alteration in opposition show unit displays the alteration in degree.1.3.2-Construction and workingA strain gage is consists of a long length music director which is arranged in zig-zag manner on the flexible membrane which is exposed to the applied force per unit area country. This music director is connected in a wheat rock span as a resistance and when force per unit area or weight is applied on the membrane which is connected to the music director it gets stretched and due to stretching the length of the music director alterations and due to alter in length the opposition of the music director additions. These are normally four or a multiple of four, are connected into a wheat rock span constellation in order to change over the really little alteration in the opposition into the suited electrical signal. As these gages are combination of mechanical and electrical constituents so the mechanical parts are located at the site but electrical parts are in the control suites due to their environmental and temperature sensitivenesss. And the wires used for the transmittal of the signals besides have their ain opposition so that opposition besides considered during their building. The accommodation and arrangement of the strain gage burden cell in the wheat rock span and its working phenomena is shown in the undermentioned diagrams. Strain gage burden cells are placed at the underside of the vass largely to mensurate the degree of the column or vas. 00204.png Figure Figure 00205.png1.3.3-AdvantagesStrain gage burden cells are used in automotive industry to look into the structural public presentations of the stuff used in doors, goons, short pantss etc. Strain gage burden cells can be usage for weighing intents. Strain gage burden cells can besides be usage for stuff testing in procedure industry besides. Strain gage burden cells are besides used in tensile trial machines as a major constituent. Strain gage burden cells truth is 0.07 % of the rated capacity Strain gage burden cells can be used for both enlargement and compaction. Strain gage burden cells are less dearly-won so largely used in the industry.1.3.4-DisadvantagesStrain gage burden cells require uninterrupted electric energy for the production and show of signals. Strain gage burden cells besides requires an elaboration circuit for the coevals of end product show because the signals produced by the gage itself are of really much low electromotive force about in milli Vs. Strain gage burden cells can non be used for the force per unit area measuring of extremely reactive or caustic stuffs because they can damage the gage. Strain gage burden cells can non be used for the measuring of really high force per unit area if the stop usage is of plastic.1.4-Tension Load CellsThis is another type of burden cell which is besides usage to step to the degree.1.4.1-Working PrincipleIt consists of a vibrating wire transducer, fixed in a thick-vessel metallic cylinder, designed to supply a extremely stable and sensitive agencies of supervising tensile tonss in weighing systems, like procedure weighing systems and batch systems. As the applied burden additions on the burden cells the force on the internal vibrating wire besides increases by altering its tenseness, and therefore the resonating frequence of the vibrating wire. The frequence is measured and relative to the applied weight.1.4.2-Construction and workingThe chief portion of this burden cell is strain gauged stop which is for good secured in the transducer shell. The transducer is fitted with a metallic oculus leting in line connexion to the deliberation system, and a metallic hook, attached to the sensitive stop, provides a agency by which weight is applied in a suspended manner. The burden cell is vented to the ambiance to extinguish barometric effects for the upper limit or optimal truth. The signal overseas telegram which is attached to the burden cell is connected with the control room where these signals can be monitored. Figure There are besides some Thermistors placed inside its shell which are used to mensurate the temperature of the working fluid or vas. Degree centigrade: UsersAlY RaZaAppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsTemporary Internet FilesContent.WordUntitled.png1.4.3-AdvantagesThe chief advantage of the tenseness burden cell is that it is extremely sensitive and stable. As it is a vibrating component wire detector and its end product is frequency so it is non affected by the alteration in the overseas telegram opposition and therefore long signal overseas telegrams are non jobs. The frequence of the vibrating wire is measured by either the portable read-out box or informations lumberman. So it can give more accurate readings. The end product signal scopes in the electromotive force from 0 to 5 Vs so there is no elaboration unit required and therefore the cost lessenings. The rated capacity of the tortuosity burden cell is from 10 kilograms to 15 kilograms. The truth of the tortuosity burden cells is A ±0.1 % The temperature ranges for the working or operation of the tortuosity burden cells is -20A °C to +80A °C. Such types of transducers have about zero impetus and have besides really low consequence of temperature on its truth.1.4.4-DisadvantagesThis type of burden cells can non be used for high temperature fluids to happen degree or weight of fluid incorporating column. This type of burden cells can non besides be used for high capacities or for big armored combat vehicles column or weight measurings. This type of burden cell is extremely affected by the high temperatures due to its sensitive nature of the detection wire.1.5-Pneumatic Load CellsThis is another type of burden cells which are usage to mensurate the weight in the industry and these are used for low capacity.1.5.1-Working PrincipleThis type of burden cells works on â€Å" the force-balance rule. †1.5.2-The Force-Balance PrincipleThe inertial force produced by a seismal land gesture shifts the mass from its original equilibrium place, and the alteration in place or speed of the mass is so interpreted into an electric signal. This rule is for low scope burden cells. For long scope burden cells the inertial force is balanced with an electrically generated force so that the mass moves every bit low as possible.1.5.3-Working of pneumatic burden cellThis sort of burden cells consist of a detection component which is exposed to the site or the vas of which force per unit area or lying unstable weight is to be measured. And in this sort of burden cell the force reassigning medium is air as comparison to the any other fluid in instance of hydraulic burden cell. When force is applied by the lying fluid on the feeling portion of the burden cell it transfers this force to the inside air and so this force is applied on the potentiometer which is placed in the wheat rock span. As the force is applied on the feeling portion of the burden cell the opposition of the variable opposition potentiometer alterations due to this force and therefore the possible equilibrium between the oppositions is disturbed and this shows the magnitude of the applied force on the feeling component by exposing it on the show unit. Figure pneumatic.gif Another technique which is largely used in such sort of burden cells is the use of the piezoelectric crystals. In this sort the detection component transportations applied force to the interior fluid ( air ) and it imparts this force on the crystal. And due to the application of the applied force on the crystal by agencies of air its construction gets disturbed and due to disturbance in the construction the possible across the crystal alterations and this alteration in the possible across the crystal is detected by the voltmeter and so this electromotive force is converted into weight of force units and displayed on the exposing unit. Most of the clip wheat rock span is used for this sort of burden cell and there is merely variable resistance largely used while other resistances in the wheat rock span are of fixed opposition.1.5.4-AdvantagesThey are largely used on smaller tons when safety and protection are of premier concern. They are better in truth as comparison to the hydraulic burden cells because there is no alteration in the denseness and truth of the fluid being used for the transportation of applied force. They besides preferred on the hydraulic burden cells because there is no usage of liquid in these sorts of burden cells. These types of burden cells are inherently explosion cogent evidence and insensitive to temperature fluctuations. As they contain no fluids so there is no job of taint of the procedure if the stop gets ruptured. Pneumatic burden cells are besides used to mensurate little weights that depend upon cleanliness and safety.1.5.5-DisadvantagesThe chief disadvantage of these types of burden cells is that they can non be used for high measure measuring. Although they are really resistive to the temperature effects but their truth even acquire disturbed at really high temperature.1.6-Hydraulic Load CellsThis is another type of burden cells which are used to mensurate the magnitude of the applied force and their transition to the electric signals and its digital show.1.6.1-Working PrincipleThis type of burden cells besides work on â€Å" the force-balance rule. † The difference between the pneumatic burden cell and hydraulic burden cell is merely the transferring medium. In instance of pneumatic burden cell the force reassigning medium is air while in hydraulic burden cells the force reassigning medium is largely liquid or incompressible oil which is besides known as break oil.1.6.2-Construction and workingHydraulic burden cell consists of a fluid which act as a force reassigning medium and a piezoelectric crystal which is usage to change over this applied force into possible difference and so there is an agreement for the transition of this possible difference in footings of weight or force per unit area. There is a stop which is usage to feel the force exerted from the external side and the whole shell in which this complete cell is enclosed. When the force per unit area or weight by the vas or column is applied on the stop of the burden cell it sense that force and so transportations this force to the fluid which is filled in the shell of this burden cell. Then this force is transferred to the piezoelectric crystal by the fluid or oil and this oil transfers this force by the Pascal ‘s jurisprudence. So when the force is transferred by the oil it disturbs the internal construction of the piezoelectric crystal and due to this alteration in the construction of the piezoelectric crystal a possible difference is generated across the piezoelectric crystal. This possible difference is detected by the electric sensor and electric signal is transferred to the show unit to expose the magnitude of the applied force, weight or force per unit area. Figure Hydraulic.gif1.6.3-AdvantagesThese are largely use to happen the weight of the stuff in the storage armored combat vehicles, bin or hopper. The end product given by these types of burden cells is additive and largely unaffected by the sum of the filling fluid ( oil ) or by its temperature. If the hydraulic burden cells have been decently installed and calibrated so truth is largely within 0.25 % full graduated table or better and this is acceptable for most procedure weighing applications. As these types of burden cells have no electrical constituents therefore it is ideal for usage in risky or caustic countries. For more accurate measuring, the weight of the armored combat vehicle should be obtained by turn uping a burden cell at different points and summing their end products.1.6.4-DisadvantagesOne disadvantage of this type of burden cell is that the elastomeric stop limits the maximal force that can be applied on the Piston or stop to about 1,000 psig. Electronic pari-mutuel machine is required in instance of acquiring more accurate reading by summing the readings of the single burden cells. Another disadvantage of hydraulic burden cell is that they are expensive and are complex to utilize.1.7-Shear Load CellsThis is another type of burden cells which is usage to mensurate the weight or the degree of the column incorporating fluid or some stuff.1.7.1-Working PrincipleThis type of burden cells works on the shear of the web. A web of an elastic stuff is inserted at some degree in the vas or storage armored combat vehicle and a shear emphasis exerted by the unstable column stretches the web harmonizing to the burden of the unstable column. Therefore by mensurating the shear emphasis the degree or weight of the fluid in a column can be measured.1.7.2-Construction and workingThis type of burden cells consists of a web and a frame which is movable and the web is fixed with this frame. There are strain gages which are straight connected with this web and step the weight or degree of the column by mensurating the shear emphasis exerted by the liquid nowadays in the column on the web. As the web is inserted in the liquid column, liquid exerts the force on this web as this web is stretchy and elastic so it gets stretched and this stretched province of the web is sensed by the strain gages. This web is inserted in the liquid column perpendicular to the axis of the column. Then strain gages transfers the mensural value of the shear emphasis exerted by the tallness of the liquid column to the electrical transducers which converts it into electrical signals and so transmits it to the show unit to expose the mensural value of the weight in footings of degree or force per unit area as we required. Figure1.7.3-AdvantagesShear burden cells are popular now for all type of mediums and for high capacities. Shear-web is non limited to merely beam constellations. Shear-web detection component is besides being used by high capacity BSP and USP in a more complex manner. Shear burden cell engineering is besides being used in rearward transducers. Shear tonss cells can readily be sealed and can be protected from the environmental effects.1.7.4-DisadvantagesShear burden cells have comparatively little sensitiveness at the burden point so can non be used for little graduated table measurings. Shear burden cells are expensive as comparison to the strain gages. Shear burden cells are delicate merely because of the web which is really delicate and can be easy damage due to overload fro few minutes even.